What condition is characterized by the inability to properly digest lactose?

Lactose intolerance is a condition where the body lacks sufficient amounts of lactase, the enzyme necessary to break down lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. When individuals with lactose intolerance consume dairy, they may experience symptoms such as bloating, gas, diarrhea, and abdominal pain due to the undigested lactose fermenting in the gut. This condition is relatively common, especially in various populations around the world, and can often be managed by dietary adjustments or the use of lactase supplements.

The other options do not refer to lactose digestion issues. Malabsorption is a broader term that describes the body's inability to absorb nutrients from food properly; it can involve various substances, not just lactose. Meat analog refers to plant-based substitutes designed to mimic the taste and texture of meat, and pareve refers to foods that contain neither meat nor dairy, often used in kosher dietary laws. Thus, lactose intolerance specifically addresses the difficulties related to lactose digestion.