What condition could result from a significant deficiency in insulin?

A significant deficiency in insulin leads to elevated levels of glucose in the bloodstream, known as hyperglycemia. Insulin is a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels by allowing cells to absorb glucose for energy. When there is not enough insulin produced (as in conditions like Type 1 diabetes), glucose cannot enter the cells effectively, causing its concentration in the blood to rise. This condition manifests as hyperglycemia, which can lead to various symptoms and long-term complications if not managed properly.

Obesity typically relates more to the body’s response to insulin and is not a direct result of its deficiency. Hypoglycemia, on the other hand, refers to low blood sugar levels and usually occurs when there is excess insulin relative to food intake, rather than a deficiency. Insulinoma is a rare tumor of the pancreas that produces excess insulin and does not relate to insulin deficiency.

Understanding the role of insulin in glucose metabolism is fundamental to recognizing why a deficiency would cause hyperglycemia rather than any of the other listed conditions.